SUMMARY CHART OF MODALS AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS

NUMBER	AUXILIARIY	USES	EXAMPLE
1	May	Polite request	Cheaters may get a good job by cheating, but what then? They havde to keep it.
		Formal permission	May I go to the cinema?
		Less than 50% certainty	Beyound China, the largest threat to Asia at the moment may be the spike in creude oil prices which could lead to a resurgence of inflationary pressures, says Rahul Ghosh, head of Asia research at Business Monitor International.
2	Might	Less than 50% certainty	Teacher : Why is jane absent today? Jesse : She might be ill, sir. From the sentence we know that jesse is…that jane is ill.
		Polite request (rare)	The idea of creating a network was something thad I’d known that is was this difficult, i might have done something else.
3	Should	Advisability	May I go to the cinema?
		90% certainty	Launching when we really were not ready to launch, she said. It’s like having the wedding when you know you are not ready and you are walking down the aisle, and you are saying, ‘I don’t know… maybe we should have postponed it’
4	Ought to	Aadvisability	You ought to drive carefully in bad weather.
5	Had better	Advisability	You had better take you umbrella with you today.
6	Be supposed to	Expectation
7	Be to	strong expectation	Personally, Chen wouldn’t take a charitable view of “gold diggers”. But she acknowledges “it’s in human nature to be attracted by beauty and power” and shanghai women are no exceptions.
8	Must	Strong necessity	“Confucius said that we must respect the government and they must protect us,” say marreiros, one of Macao’s most prolific heritange preservationists who has worked on projects including the Tap Seac  Square and the Portuguese school of Macao.
9	Have to	Polite request	Would you shut the door, please?
10	Have got to	necessity	I have got to go t campus today.
11	Will	100% certainty	he will be here at 06.00
		Polite request	Will you please shut the door?
12	Be going to	Definite plan	“I don’t like it,” he said. “I’m going lo lift you up again.”
13	Can	Ability?possibility	I can speak English.
			Culture cannot happen overnight. Rome wasn’t built in a day, but it can be destroyed overnight
			“I think it all looks fresh and new. I can be proud of it all. It feels strong, it feels sober, it feels exciting.
14	could	Polite request	Could you help me?
		suggestion	I need help in math. You could talk to your teacher.
		Less than 50% certainty	Where's John? He could be at home.
		impossibility	That couldn't have been true!
15	Be able to	ability	I was able to help you
16	Would	preference	it will be our honor if you would like to come and give praise for us. Thank you for your attendance and praying
		Repeated action in the past	The suspects then reportendly gave the victims a bag filled with dead leaves, telling them to leave and wait for 15 minutes before opening the bag, promising that, by then, the dead leaves would be turned into money
17	Used to	Repeated action in the past	Professor Sufi and his colleagues were among the first to present evidence fot this theory. They used credit card data to show that spending in high-debt countries had fallen more sharply during the recession.
18	Shall	Polite question to make a suggestion	Shall I carry your bag?
		Future with “I” or “we” as subject	I shall arrive at nine

Name : Tiara Prameshwari

Class : 1EA02

Npm : 17211105