Kamis, 12 April 2012

SUMMARY CHART OF MODALS AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS



NUMBER
AUXILIARIY
USES
EXAMPLE

1


May
Polite request
Cheaters may get a good job by cheating, but what then? They havde to keep it.


Formal permission


May I go to the cinema?


Less than 50% certainty


Beyound China, the largest threat to Asia at the moment may be the spike in creude oil prices which could lead to a resurgence of inflationary pressures, says Rahul Ghosh, head of Asia research at Business Monitor International.

2
Might
Less than 50% certainty


Teacher : Why is jane absent today?
Jesse : She might be ill, sir.
From the sentence we know that jesse is…that jane is ill.

   

Polite request (rare)


The idea of creating a network was something thad I’d known that is was this difficult, i might have done something else.

3
Should
Advisability


May I go to the cinema?




90% certainty
Launching when we really were not ready to launch, she said. It’s like having the wedding when you know you are not ready and you are walking down the aisle, and you are saying, ‘I don’t know… maybe we should have postponed it’

4
Ought to

Aadvisability
You ought to drive carefully in bad weather.

5
Had better

Advisability
You had better take you umbrella with you today.

6
Be supposed to

Expectation

7
Be to

strong expectation
Personally, Chen wouldn’t take a charitable view of “gold diggers”. But she acknowledges “it’s in human nature to be
attracted by beauty and power” and shanghai women are no exceptions.

8
Must


Strong necessity
“Confucius said that we must respect the government and they must protect us,” say marreiros, one of Macao’s most prolific heritange preservationists who has worked on projects including the Tap Seac  Square and the Portuguese school of Macao.

9
Have to

Polite request
Would you shut the door, please?
10
Have got to

necessity
I have got to go t campus today.
11
Will
100% certainty
he will be here at 06.00




Polite request
Will you please shut the door?
12
Be going to
Definite plan
“I don’t like it,” he said. “I’m going lo lift you up again.”

13
Can

Ability?possibility
I can speak English.





Culture cannot happen overnight. Rome wasn’t built in a day, but it can be destroyed overnight





“I think it all looks fresh and new. I can be proud of it all. It feels strong, it feels sober, it feels exciting.

14
could
Polite request
Could you help me?




suggestion
I need help in math. You could talk to your teacher.




Less than 50% certainty
Where's John? He could be at home.



impossibility
That couldn't have been true!
15
Be able to

ability
I was able to help you
16
Would

preference
it will be our honor if you would like to come and give praise for us. Thank you for your attendance and praying




Repeated action in the past
The suspects then reportendly gave the victims a bag filled with dead leaves, telling them to leave and wait for 15 minutes before opening the bag, promising that, by then, the dead leaves would be turned into money

17
Used to

Repeated action in the past
Professor Sufi and his colleagues were among the first to present evidence fot this theory. They used credit card data to show that spending in high-debt countries had fallen more sharply during the recession.

18
Shall

Polite question to make a suggestion

Shall I carry your bag?



Future with “I” or “we” as subject

I shall arrive at nine






















Name : Tiara Prameshwari
Class : 1EA02
Npm : 17211105

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